And so Netflix uses RX’s one of those tools to achieve Reactive Systems, could you tell us a little bit about that?Node is a server-side JavaScript runtime that allows for developers to write the same code for both the front end and back end of a web application. Real-time monitoring and alerting.Full-sized, drag & drop event calendar in JavaScript. Fail fast and rapid recovery. Service failure protection and handle it such that the failure will not propagate in the system. It has the following capabilities. Hystrix was an in-house product of the Netflix API team that worked on resiliency engineering.
Will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI).Addy Osmani detailed how Netflix dramatically improved the performance of their site by switching from React to vanilla JS on the front end. Now we knew we could listen for events to figure out and know when that rendering layer had finished and then go in and test things.from typing import Optional from fastapi import FastAPI app FastAPI(). Now of course that introduce a bunch of false negatives and it was a real headache, and so what I really wanted to do was come up with something more reliable. So as a result to solve that problem we ended up putting a bunch of timing based approaches in to sort of make sure that we wait a sort amount of time and hopefully the rendering process to be complete and we check it. At that time I was sort of struggling with a tough problem which was, we are doing Asynchronous Unit Testing for Silverlight which is UI Framework and one of the challenges involve with testing UI Frameworks is that there is asynchronous rendering ware so you can layout widgets but you have to wait for the Asynchronous process to complete before you can really ensure that everything that work is correctly. UI work is demanding at Netflix.I was working at Microsoft about 4 years ago and I have the good fortune of running into Erik Mayer who is the father of the Reactive Extensions.
We are also using on the server so we are actually doing an end to end reactive system, we are using across three different platforms and it’s absolutely transformed the way we think about asynchronous programming and reactive programming at Netflix and the way we do it every day.5. So fast forward a few years I’m now at Netflix and we’ve essentially rewritten most of our reactive code on many of our devices to use RX. And so I was absolutely amazed but what it can do and I thought this will be great to build an entire system on. Client-side service discovery is The only problem was listening to all those events and registering call backs, turned our code in an absolute mess and so I was really searching for a better option and as I said I had a good fortune of running into Erik because at that time he was working on something absolutely revolutionary, a very revolutionary idea which was that events and asynchronous operations in general could be modeled this collections and I was absolutely floored because I was able to use sort of the operations that I already understood like Map, Filter and Reduce and that I learn from say things like SQL and I was able to apply them to event streams to build really, really clean declarative code. It provides Eureka, which is a Service Registry, and Ribbon, which is an HTTP client that queries Eureka in order to route HTTP requests to an available service instance.
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And that sound like a pretty significant paradigm shift for a typical software developer to undertake, in order to use RX do I have to become a polyglot programmer?No, all languages that you really know are orthogonal. So it’s really the same thing the data just travelling in a different direction and there are all sorts of interesting operations that we know how to do in SQL like, select where a Map and Filter if you will and it turns up that all of the operations can also be performed on events, so you can write very declarative code to control Concurrency and coordinate Asynchronous operations and essentially it has the same meaning whether you are working against an in-memory collection or an event, and that was the revolutionary idea that really transform the way that I thought about Asynchronous Programming and that is what we do, now that transforms a code that we write every single day.6. Now really if you think about both these things are Collections, the only difference is, and in both cases you’ve got a data producer giving a data consumer a piece of data a little bit by bit, right? The main difference is that in a SQL Query I’m pulling data as a producer from a consumer but in an event I’m pushing data, the producer is pushing data to the consumer.
So one of the key pieces from us was making sure that we were able to introduce our developers to Reactive Programming in a really gradual way. If I wanted to establish a Reactive System’s practice on my team, how would I begin?There is really two key pieces: training and support. Once you get over there you can do absolutely amazing stuff, ninja stuff, now we’ve got a fantastic group of developers on the UI Team who can all write circles around me in terms of Asynchronous Programming, now that they’ve learned this stuff and they are using in everyday.7. So in many ways is unlearning those bad habits that sort of leads you down a better path and that does take some time to get over. I sort of been dealing with call backs for so many years, it was hard to make the transition but I think that if you are sort of introduce the idea of events as Collections from the very beginning you would down the process very easy.
So it does sound like there is a significant amount of investment in both learning and training in order to achieve Reactive System practice. That process of sort of taking them gradually from imperative to functional reactive has been really successful for us.8. As far as training is concern, we actually build a set of online interactive exercises that are client developers and server developers could fill up in JavaScript.Now what we actually do is we take them gradually through the process of using imperative constructs like Loops and If Statements to using Functional Programming construct over Arrays, so Map, Filter, Reduce, Merge, Zip, five functions, and after a while they learn how to build complex expressions and queries over arrays using those 5 functions and then we play a little trick on them, we flip the switch and we hand them this observable type that is really sort of like an event, an object is like an event, and all the same code that they’ve written that works over arrays, works over this observable and now it’s sort of comes alive instead of just producing all the data, all the sudden you start to see data trickle in, instead of writing a query over a bunch of stock legacy historical stock information, they are actually writing a query over realtime stock data and they didn’t even know it until they press the run button. Now there is a huge number of people at Netflix with competency both on the server side and on the client side with RX, and so now that scales much better. So I’ve already have several years of Reactive Programming so I was able to be that point person until other members of the team sort of boots strapped up. You’ve got to give them a great training program so they get up and speed quickly and you’ve also be there to support them, if they run into roadblocks and using the technology they are not sure about the right way to approach from a design perspective.
At first they might have been a little bit iffy on the technology, now they are coming to me and asking me how they can build our search system that way, how they can do data binding with RX. I’m seeing tremendous enthusiasm from people who’ve been on the team for 2 or 3 months. Over time they start to really shine and they start to really want to do more and more Reactive Programming.
You won’t be any worse for wear for doing that but you are building more value, more incentive for developers to suddenly really take hold for what the framework can do and take it to the extreme. The important thing it’s to get the framework into the system so people can start using it because really what you need is you need to start building up those observable data sources, stop producing callback API’s and start producing API’s as return observables.
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